Bummer, sorry to hear about your wife's car.
I'll be only a
slight post Nazi.
Of course, everyone knows exactly what all of the 4 TRILLION codes means. Okay, there's a little less than 4 trillion.
Still, when
asking for help, you should not expect help if you're requiring other people to do investigations that you should've done, or that you already did and didn't bother to share.
From:
http://www.obd-codes.com/p0171
=================
P0171 OBD-II Trouble Code
Technical Description
System Too Lean (Bank 1)
What does that mean?
Basically this means that an oxygen sensor in bank 1 has detected a lean condition (too much oxygen in the exhaust). On V6/V8/V10 engines, Bank 1 is the side of the engine that has cylinder #1. The P0171 is one of the more common trouble codes.
This code is triggered by the first downstream (front) O2 sensor. The sensor provides a reading of the air:fuel ratio leaving the engine's cylinders, and the vehicles powertrain/engine control module (PCM/ECM) uses that reading and adjusts to keep the engine running at that optimum ratio of 14.7:1. If something is not right and the PCM cannot maintain the 14.7:1 ratio, but rather there is too much air, it triggers this code.
You'll want to also read our article on short and long term fuel trims to help understand the operation of the engine. Note: This DTC is very similar to P0174, and in fact your vehicle may show both codes at the same time.
This diagnostic trouble code (DTC) is a generic OBD-II powertrain code. It is considered generic because it applies to all makes and models of vehicles (1996-newer), although specific repair steps may vary depending on the model.
Symptoms
You will more than likely not notice any drivability problems, although there may be symptoms such as:
a lack of power
detonation (spark knock)
rough idle
hesitation/surge on acceleration.
Causes
A code P0171 may mean that one or more of the following has happened:
The MAF (Mass Air Flow) Sensor is dirty or faulty
Note: The use of "oiled" air filters may cause the MAF to become dirty if the filter is over-oiled. There is also an issue with some vehicles where the MAF sensors leak the silicone potting material used to protect the circuitry.
There could be a vacuum leak downstream of the MAF sensor
Possible cracked vacuum or PCV line/connection
Faulty or stuck open PCV valve
Failed or faulty oxygen sensor (bank 1, sensor 1)
Sticking/plugged or failed fuel injector
Low fuel pressure (possible plugged/dirty fuel filter!)
Exhaust leak between engine and first oxygen sensor
Possible Solutions
A lot of times, cleaning the MAF sensor and finding/fixing vacuum leaks fix the problem. If you're on a tight budget, start there, but that may not be the fix for certain. So, possible solutions include:
Clean the MAF sensor. Consult your service manual for it's location if you need help. I find it's best to take it off and spray it with electronics cleaner or brake cleaner. Make sure you are careful not to damage the MAF sensor, and make sure it's dry before reinstalling
Inspect all vacuum and PCV hoses, replace/repair as required
Inspect all hoses and connections in the air intake system
Inspect and/or test the intake manifold gaskets for leakage
Check for a dirty fuel filter and proper fuel pressure
Ideally you'll want to monitor short and long term fuel trims using an advanced scan tool
If you have access, you may want to run a smoke test
=================
The above is a
very general description.
Basically, you have a LEAN CODE on an O2 sensor.
So, that is NOT related, in ANY WAY AT ALL, to not having an oil cap.
Btw, yes, change the oil and filter.
Check for loose vacuum hoses. Listen for air hissing while the engine is running. That's a simple test.
Otherwise, get some MAF cleaner, and clean the MAF. It's unlikely the problem. But, it's a good idea to clean the MAF every ~30K miles, and it's under $10.
After that, replace the primary O2 sensor. That may or may not be the problem. But again, the O2 sensor should be changed every ~50K miles. And, you'll get a gas mileage increase with a new O2 sensor (they make the engine run richer as they age).
Also change the air filter. Again unlikely, but they should be changed every ~10K-20K miles, and you'll get a
minor gas mileage increase.
After that, you'll need a real scanner. Still, it could be a number of things. You'd also want to run a cylinder balance test, to try to eliminate a bad injector, gasket, cylinder, etc.
Good Luck!
